Context is one of the tools that the salaf used to understand and explain the Qur’an. As one of the tabi’oon, Muslim ibn Yasar, said:
إذا حدثت عن الله فقف حتى تنظر ما قبله وما بعده
When you want to speak about what Allah has said, hold off until you have looked at the ayaat preceding it and the ayaat following it.
[Tafsir ibn Kathir 1/12]
What follows is a small collection of statements specifically from the Sahabah in which they referenced the context of an ayah to derive an explanation. These narrations were originally found in an article from Markaz Tafsir discussing how the Sahabah used context to explain the Qur’an, and we have translated and arranged them below:
Narration #1:
عن يُسَيْعٍ الحضرمي قال: «كنت عند عليِّ بن أبي طالب رضي الله عنه، فقال رجل: يا أمير المؤمنين، أرأيت قول الله -عز وجل-: ﴿وَلَنْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَبِيلًا﴾ [النساء: 141]، وهم يقاتلوننا فيَظهرون ويَقتلون؟ قال له عليٌّ رضي الله عنه: ادنُه، ادنُه! ثم قال: ﴿فَاللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ وَلَنْ يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَبِيلًا﴾ [النساء: 141]، يوم القيامة»ـ
Yusay’a al-Hadhrami said: I was with ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib when a man said, “O Leader of the Faithful, have you seen Allah’s statement:
وَلَن يَجْعَلَ اللَّهُ لِلْكَافِرِينَ عَلَى الْمُؤْمِنِينَ سَبِيلًا
And Allah will never make a way for the disbelievers over the believers. [4:141]
yet they fight against us, winning and killing?”
‘Ali said, “Look closer, look closer!” and then recited:
فَاللَّهُ يَحْكُمُ بَيْنَكُمْ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ
Allah will judge between you all on the Day of Resurrection [4:141]
This is referring to the Day of Resurrection.”
[Tafsir al-Tabari 9/327]